The Escape and the Brutal Capture of Adolf Eichmann 

He didn’t shout speeches or led armies. His weapon was not not a gun but a feather. He organized death from his office with train timetables and lists of names. He was the master of the deportation, the final solution engineer, the man who transformed the genocide into simple administrative formalities. Behind his glasses and his appearance gray office worker was hiding the architect of extermination.

 It’s he who perfected the death machine who made the holocaust a system macabre clockwork, timetable, wagon and elimination rate. He was the bureaucrat from hell, manager of the genocide. With the pen like knife, with each signature, he sent thousands of people in the camps of concentration.

 He wasn’t shouting, he did not get dirty, he obeyed only. He allegedly did not what to follow disorder. His name was Adolphe Aichman. The brutal flight of Adolphe Aichman. Adolphe Aichman. Born March 196 in Solingen in Germany, Otto Adolphe Aichman grew up in a family middle-class Protestant. After the death of his mother, the family moved to Lins in Austria where Eichman completed his secondary studies.

 Although he does not is never distinguished on the level academic nor shown interest particularly for politics or philosophy. After a youth without great accomplishments, he joined the Austrian Nazi Party in 1932, then shortly after the SS, a decision that would mark the course of his life. His career took off when he was assigned to Jewish affairs office of the Sisherites Dinst SD, the intelligence service of the SS.

 Through his diligence, his blood cold and his organizational capacity, he quickly rose through the ranks of Nazi hierarchy. During the ascent of Hitler in power, Aichman was charged to design the first plans forced emigration of Jews from the Reich. Later, its mission evolved from immigration to extermination. He was appointed head of sectionb of the department of Reich Security RSH, responsible Jewish affairs.

 From this position, he joins a key role in the implementation logistics of the Holocaust. Its true notoriety appeared from 1942 after the Vansé conference where high Nazi officials defined the practical mechanisms to carry out the final solution to the Jewish question, the systematic genocide of the Jews Europeans.

 Heich was not only present at this meeting, he was also the one who designed and administered the network deportation complex by train to extermination camps like Auschwitz, Tréblinka, Sobibor and others. He thus became the gear essential to the genocidal system. The man who organized with deadly precision timetables death trains.

 It was not about his own hands, but provided the ways to do it. His role was that of the efficient bureaucrat extermination, the one who carried out the orders without questioning them, without show emotion or remorse. Anna Harent, in his famous cover of Aichman’s trial in Jerusalem described him as an example of the banality of evil.

An ordinary man devoid of fanaticism visible who performed acts monstrous from his office. At the end of the Second World War, Adolphe Eichman knew his days were counted and that it would soon captured. In the end, this could not be avoided. under the name of Aolphe Bart and with the supposed rank of Corporal Master in the Louftva Feu, he was taken prisoner of war by the United States.

 However, in reason for his blood type tattoo which clearly identified him as member of the SS, he soon declared be called SSurm fury Otto Eckman. He was interned at the AOD prison camp after revealing his true identity to some of his companions captivity in January 1946, he received a letter of recommendation from the former SS officer.

 Hans Fryle Leben which allowed him to hide in the small village of Altenal Scott in the Lunburg lowlands. In February, Einichmann escaped from the camp and with the help of old contact, reached this new refuge via Ambourg. Along the way, he obtained false documents identifying him as a trader, Otto Enninger de Prien, born in Breslot.

 Under this name, he found work as a lumberjack and forestry worker in the service forester of the Colenbach monastery. However, during the trials of Nuremberbert, known as Whisleyen and Rudolph Among other things, they revealed the existence of ichman to the allies, presenting overwhelming evidence.

 Aichman, under the false identity of Otto Enninger, was not no stranger to these events and assumed that he would soon be captured. In the tumultuous international scene of the post-war period, Adolphe Heichman glimpsed a final chance of escape. The powers that had once led the hunt for war criminals began to turn their attention towards new threats.

 The British had largely abandoned active pursuit of the Nazis fugitives while the Americans concentrated all their efforts on the fight against Soviet expansion and managing growing tensions in a divided Berlin. This realignment strategy offered Heichman a respite unexpected. The false identity document that he had obtained months earlier, thanks to the help of former comrades of SS, was about to expire.

 Stay on the German soil where surveillance still persisted in certain circles was becoming more and more dangerous. Its presence became too risky a bet. The clandestine escape network with with whom he had established contact in the city of Ce proposed a solution. A carefully crafted escape route, although not without danger.

 Before disappear, Aichman left behind a false lead in the hope of avert any suspicion. He declared to his landlady, a woman who knew him as a polite, punctual and reserved, that he intended to travel to Scandinavia to put take advantage of your engineering knowledge mechanical. She, who had never suspected anything fishy in his behavior, believed his story without ask questions.

 But its true destination was completely different. Always under the fictitious name Otto Enninger, Aichman took a train towards Munich. From there he went to a small town near the border Bavarian. Each kilometer traveled brought closer to freedom, but also increased the risk of being identified. However, he had a blind confidence in the accuracy of each stage of his itinerary which had been carefully prepared by a contact named Gunter, key member of the clandestine network.

 The trip was not cheap. Aichman had invested a much of its resources personal in obtaining fake papers. intermediary payment and securing your route. The first great obstacle to his escape presented itself when crossing the border Austrian. The border village where he had to meet his guide was patrolled by soldiers and police officers and the atmosphere was tense.

 When registering in the small local hotel, its ner betrayed his facade. He was having trouble to hold the pen to sign the register guests. The plan began waver. His guide, the key person to cross without being detected, do not did not show up at the meeting point. Later, Eichman learned that the man was rushed to hospital.

 At this at that moment, the fugitive understood abandon it at any time, that the network, however well structured it may be, remained vulnerable to unforeseen events chance. After waiting a week in hiding, Eichman received finally the news that would mark the milestone following his escape. One of the members of the network that protected him was managed to reach an agreement with a local hunter, who was to guide him by lightly traveled roads through the Alps.

 Without further ado, Aichman loaded his suitcase on his shoulder, one of the rare possessions that he still owned, and with his guide began a crossing arduous border German-Austrian through steep mountain trails under hostile climatic conditions and the constant danger of being spotted. The first stop on the route was a solitary wooden cabin located in top of a hill hidden between the fog and thick forests.

 There, warmed by a hair and a cup of coffee in hand, Eichman had a bitter revelation. Probably he would never set foot on the ground again German. The war was over, but his life as a citizen of the very Reich was irremediably extinct. At the dawn of next day, while he shared a frugal breakfast, the hunter saw a silhouette in the distance approaching by the same path as they had borrowed.

 It was a border guard. Faced with danger imminent, Eichman quickly hid in an old cupboard covered in dust, pressed against the wood, the face reddened and holding back painfully a desire to sneeze. Since his hiding place, he listened attentively to each word of the brief exchange between the hunter and keeps it.

 The conversation was banal, just a few sentences on the climate and the paths until the visitor takes his leave and continues his road. Only then will ichman came out of the cupboard, relieved and he took to the road again. After crossing the rest of the mountainous territory without incident, they went down to Kufstein, in the heart of Austria.

 There they took refuge for a few days in a modest inn. The innkeeper, conscious risks, observed each gesture of his others. It is only when he considered that the situation was sure that he authorized Aichman to return to the road, but on one condition, he had to abandon your suitcase. He feared that the authorities are attracted by its appearance.

 Already on Italian soil, in outskirts of the city of Bolzano, a priest dressed in black was waiting for him bicycle. Methodically, he had transported Aichman’s suitcase by a different route, reaching the pass without incident. With his spiritual guide in mind, Aichman reached Merano, an elegant city nestled in the South Tyrol region where mixes Italian cultures and Germans.

 It was there, after having the his glass of wine to celebrate his arrival, he spent the night in a old castle used by the network escape as a temporary refuge for other fugitives from Nazism. The next day he received his first document identity under a new personality. Municipal authorities, complicit or ignorant, uttered a legal paper with a new name, Ricardo Clement.

 From this moment, Adolphe Eichman ceased to exist officially. Everything had been coldly planned. From this region from northern Italy, he would begin his crossing to South America with the help of a vast protection network composed of religious, civil servants civilians and intelligence agents. The final destination was Buenos Aires and the political context was favorable.

 On the other side of the Atlantic, an even more network complex had already been activated. At center of this protection machine then found the president of Argentina, Juan Domingo Peron. Sound role was decisive in allowing Aichman as well as hundreds other fugitives from the Nazi regime find asylum in the country South American.

 In February 1945, then that the defeat of the 3rd Reich was no longer that a matter of time, Peron summoned in secret the most leaders influential in the German community residing in Argentina. Although a few months later, the country declared officially war on Germany, this gesture was only a symbolic act intended to attract the favor of allies at the end of the conflict.

 In reality, Argentina had for years served as key points for the Nazi intelligence in Latin America. Peron, deeply influenced by his nationalist training and his years in as military attaché in Rome, where he developed a strong admiration for the Mussolini’s fascism, had never hid his sympathies for the axis. Good before ascending to the presidency by the popular vote, he had consolidated his power following a coup d’état military.

 Once in government, he lives in Nazi exile immigration a double opportunity. On the one hand, integrate scientists, technicians and engineers who can contribute to industrial and military development Argentinian. On the other hand, affirmed his anti-communist ideology by offering asylum to those who had fought the Bolshevism, regardless of crimes that they had committed during the war.

So while he restricted Jewish immigration and imposed bureaucratic obstacles to refugees Choa, Peron offered asylum and state protection for war criminals of the Nazi regime. To execute these operations, he entrusted the task to Rodolphe Areud, director of the Argentine intelligence and son of a prominent German businessman linked to Nazism.

 Freud was the logistical brain of this secret operation. He managed special funds, coordinated the bribes, supervised the manufacturing false documents and organize the escape route. One of his closest collaborators were Carlos Fner, former SS officer, who knew firsthand the defugitive methods and needs. Schuldner not only brought his experience but also its network of contact in Europe and America.

 Grace with the help of journalists, diplomats, former Reich agents and specialists clandestine logistics, they put establish an efficient, functioning network almost with impunity. The Vatican also played a fundamental role in this support structure. One of the the most influential figures was the bishop Aloï Houd, rector of the Santa Church Maria of Eanima in Rome.

 Oudal, fervent admirer of Hitler, was known for his open sympathy towards the national socialism. Using his position ecclesiastic, he facilitated the obtaining passport issued by the Red Cross and helped many war criminals to leave Europe. This is how Adolphe Aichman, under the identity of Ricardo Clément, manages to escape justice and start a new life Argentina.

 But its history, like that of many others, would not remain not buried forever. Protected by an ecclesiastical network operating discreetly in the shadow of the Vatican and the most remote corners of Europe, the temple led by Bishop Aloï Sudal transformed into a real center critical for fugitives from Nazism.

 Under his tutelage, the Church offered not only a roof and a refuge, but also became the point starting point of an escape system complex. Dozens, then hundreds of fugitives found a opportunity to start their lives over new identities. But Hudal did not act alone. He benefited from support of cardinals, priests and a vast network of monasteries covering Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Italy.

 Together he supported what was known clandestinely under the name road to salvation. Safe corridors facilitating escape to new destinations, notably South America South. Although the Vatican has never officially recognized his actions, the The Holy See granted them support implicit. Pope Pi-Xe, well that informed of the activities of Hudal and other clergy involved in this cause, chooses not to intervene.

 This pontifical silence proved decisive. In the absence of explicit condemnation, the machine escape continued to work freely. However, none of the networks Europeans did not equal in scale or in efficiency the one that Juan Domingo Peron had established at the heart of power Argentinian. While in Europe, Nazi fugitives crossed the borders disguised as a monk or peasant.

 In Buenos Aires, the mechanisms reception were already in operation. Documents, accommodation and employment were ready to welcome them. When Adolphe Aichman, hidden in the forests dances of Lunburg, succeeds in establishing contact with the network, his name was quickly added to the register kept by the coordinators in Latin America. Reinard Cops, a former officer of the Nazi intelligence with close ties with the Vatican and the leaders Argentinians, was responsible for relaunching his folder.

 He had known Aichman since the time when both worked for the Nazi machine in Berlin and during the brutal operations in Hungary. In June 1948, COPS obtained the formal opening of a migration file in his name in the Argentinian capital. A permit to landing already existed and in Europe, exit procedures were progressing according to the secret network protocol.

 Einichman was not an isolated case. During these same months, other notorious fugitives of Nazism like Joseph Mengel had already taken the same route. Ikish however was perhaps the most significant still present in German territory. A living symbol of the genocidal apparatus of the third Reich and one of the last high responsible for fleeing the continent.

 With his papers in order and the support of his contacts, Aichman went to Gene. There he found the last link of the escape chain, brother Eduardo Domoter, a Franciscan designated by Cops to assist the fugitives during their short stay in Italy. Domoté welcomed him to the Saint-Antonio church in a few streets from the port and offered him a discreet shelter until the final steps are completed.

 The next morning, Aichman went to the international committee of the Red Cross where he presented his new identity, Ricardo Clément, accompanied by a letter recommendation signed by the priest himself and the landing permit for Argentina. He gets without difficulty a dated temporary passport of June 1, 1950.

 afterwards, he introduced himself to the Argentine consulate to request his entry visa. There too, he encountered no obstacles. The procedure was quick and routine. Finally, at migration office, he passed without hinders the rigorous medical examination. He there was no longer any barrier. Everything was ready for his trip transatlantic.

 On July 19, the Giovanse ship left the gates of discomfort and after several weeks of crossing up the troubled waters of the Rio de la Plata towards the port of Buenos Aires. Einichman, wearing a simple suitcase containing all its business, joined the queue of immigrants waiting at the terminal entry. As he moved forward slowly, he mentally repeated the details of his new life.

 He had to remember that his name was Ricardo Clément, born in Bolzano by profession mechanic of Catholic religion and that his first accommodation would be the hotel Buenosser. But this effort was useless, no one questioned him. When came in turn, the migratory agent leafed through barely his passport, put a stamp on it and let him pass.

 Aichman was officially entered Argentina. At the exit from the port was waiting for him Carlos Fner, his former SS comrade and operational manager of the network flight into Argentine territory. It’s him who led him to an apartment modest in the Florida district, in outskirts of the capital, and the presented to other German fugitives living under new identities.

 There, Heichman became one of dozens even hundreds of exiles from Nazism, of Italian fascism, of the falange Spanish, the Vichi regime and other dictatorships defeated in Europe. Thanks to FNER, Eichman found a job in a mechanical workshop where discreet and efficient, it went unnoticed. Little afterwards, he obtains his document Argentinian identity.

 In October 1956, Ricardo Clément was already a citizen legal in the country. At the end of this same year, he takes a new step towards normality. He was hired as engineer by the state enterprise Capri, specialized in the construction of dams and infrastructure hydroelectric power in the province of Tuman.

 He had a fixed income and maintained an extremely high profile discreet. Even among his colleagues Germans, he never mentioned of his past. He avoided her completely. After more than two years of isolation emotional, Aichman decided to find his family. From the banks of the river, while drinking mate alone, he expected news.

 Finally, his wife Vera and his children embarked on the Salta ship at the port of Genoa, in full swing storm. The trip coincided with the death of Eva Peron, whose mourning still darkened Argentina. Cautious as always, Aichman avoided personally go to their arrival. Instead, he sent two friends of trust. When he finally found the children, he did not reveal to them the truth immediately.

 He introduced himself like Uncle Ricardo letting it float a half-constructed story. Once installed in a modest house Touuman, Eichman broke the silence and confessed his true identity to them. He imposed strict rules on them discretion. It was forbidden to speak of the past, neither inside nor outside the exterior of the house.

 Disconcerted, the children began to call him der Halt, the old man to better dissociate the weight of the name Aichman of life daily. Vera, his wife, found in daily Bible reading a spiritual refuge from tension constant of a double life. For the first time, since the fall of the Reich, the family was reunited, but he lived in the shadows of the world, in a corner hidden from the card, protected by the silence, lies and forgetting.

However, the disappearance of Adolphe Eichman did not take place in a complete silence. Although time and distance tried to erase his traces, there remained in Europe clues and some men refused to turn the page. In Austria, the Nazi hunter tireless Simon Byzantal pursued tracks with determination relentless.

 He had centered his attention to Vera Eichman, the wife of fugitive, convinced that she would eventually lead him to him when he finally located the family home, she was already empty. The Aichmans were gone. Neighbors, questioned discreetly, confirmed that they had left the place suddenly, without explanation.

 Even some members of the family with hesitation will end by admitting that they no longer lived there. For Viizental, it was more than a clue. This was proof that ichman was still alive and had managed to escape. Meanwhile, at thousands of kilometers in peace deceiver of the suburbs of Buenossir, the life of the Aichmans followed a routine gray and carefully planned.

 In December 1956, Klaus Heichman, the eldest son of Nazi dignitary, now known as name Nick, made the first mistake which would endanger all system of clandestinity that his father had been building for years. This occurred during a visit to his girlfriend, Sylvia Herman, in the Olivos district, an area with high presence of German immigrants.

 The family dinner took place with a certain formality when, without too much think, Klaus expressed an opinion terrible and revealing. He asserted that the Germans had not committed any error in persecuting the Jews, but that their real fault had been to not not having carried out the extermination. He says it coldly, as if he stated an indisputable truth.

 The sentence fell like a stone in the middle from the dining room. One of the guests, the otard Herman, father of Sylvia, blind, silent and seemingly indifferent, does not react immediately. Nobody around this table only knew that the otard was Jewish, nor that he had been prisoner at the concentration camp Dachot.

 His face remained impassive, but inside, every word of Klaus printed with precision surgical. He doesn’t say anything, did not interrupt the conversation. don’t tell anyone. He did what so many others had done to survive during the war. Listen, memorize, wait. At this time, Adolphe Eichman lived in Argentina for 6 years under a false identity.

 Ricardo Clément, mechanical technician. His life was marked by a rigid routine and inflexible rules that he imposed also to his family. He had learned to his children to lie naturally, to distrust everyone and never mention details from the past. The visits were monitored, the filtered conversations.

 The fear of being discovered made him paranoid. Each gesture, every sentence, every look could represent a danger. Despite this prudence, Heikeman maintained regular meetings with William Sassen, a former SS officer who became journalist in Buenos Aires. Each on Sunday, he took a bus to the district of Florida where its scene was waiting for him in a discreet house, a tape recorder placed on the table.

The intention of his scene was to document the memories of this man which had been a key piece in the final solution machine. Eichman, confident, spoke without filter. The sessions were long, it was serious and posed. He showed no remorse. At On the contrary, he declared without embarrassment that if they had exterminated ten million Jews, he would have been satisfied.

 He considered a performer disciplined, a cog of more than the Nazi apparatus. His responsibility, he asserted, was not to kill his own hands, but ensure that the trains arrive on time. That the enemies of the Reich are led without delay at their destination. He was windy perfect operation of the lines railways which sent the prisoners from Amsterdam.

 For him, every operation was a question of technical efficiency, not of morale. The daily life of Aichman, however was far removed from the one he had known as a powerful bureaucrat. His house in Olivos was modest, decorated pain and cruel irony praised to a Jewish owner. The contract of rental had been signed by Herbert Cullman, another former SS man who had managed to successfully establish itself in a chic district of the capital.

 Aichman, who lived with austerity, could not refrain from comparing while some of his former comrades prospered he accumulated failures. He had tried to earn his living in various professions, in a laundry, fabric store, even with a chicken farm. But all these enterprises ended in bankruptcies. The only stability he found himself as a worker in a warehouse, an ordinary and poorly paid job which he accepted for lack of anything better.

 His life family didn’t offer him any comfort. The relationship with Vera was tense. He argued frequently and cohabitation had become children, now adolescents, were the object of his contempt. He judged them weak, without character. They didn’t want not that they have a career in the army, nor that they get involved in politics.

 He asked them only one thing: to pass unnoticed, not to be noticed, not to not attract attention. One night later an argument, he violently tore off the Bible from the hands of Vera and tore it from anger. For him, faith was useless illusion, for her, the only source of comfort. The children, silent witnesses of these scenes, began to call their father not dad, but air halt, the old man, a nickname which expressed distance and fear.

 Although he lives under the same roof, Aichman was a distant figure, almost spectral. A ghost of another time, trapped in exile without redemption, including the sins of the past were a little closer every day to catch up with him. What he couldn’t imagine is that the comment careless behavior of his son during a seemingly ordinary dinner had triggered the suspicions of the man he feared the least, the otard Herman, and that this moment of youthful arrogance was going become the loophole through which the truth would finally begin to make a

path. The capture of Adolphe Eichman. It was in April 1957 that a printed page reignited the spark that years of silence had not been able to extinguish. In the Argentinian city of Coronel Suarez, Sylvia Herman, like so many other times, read aloud to her father Lotard. She did it with dedication, knowing that his eyes could no longer see the world, but his mind remained as sharp as ever.

 This that day, the reading took a turn unexpected in a German newspaper, a article about a trial in Frankfurt mentioned the name of Aolphe Eichman among the accused. For Sylvia, this was just another detail. For Lotard, on the other hand, his thumb accelerated. His memory, which had not never left, immediately brought him back to a dinner in Olivos a few months later early, when a young man named Nick Aichman, her daughter’s boyfriend, had made a chilling comment on the Jews.

 He also remembered that the boy had said that his father had served in the German army and that they had lived in Poland. Nothing more. But now everything made sense. Lotard Herman was not an impulsive man, but this revelation gave rise to him a certainty. Nick was none other than son of most wanted Nazi criminal of the world.

 And if the son was there, the father must not have been far away. He understood that he couldn’t trust Argentine authorities, many of whom are sympathizers or even accomplices of Nazi refugees. So he took his pen and wrote a letter. It was addressed to German prosecutors in Frankfurt. The missive reached Fritz’s office Bauer, Attorney General of the State of S.

Bauer was not a civil servant ordinary, he was a survivor of the regime which had sworn not to rest as long as the Nazi criminals would not have been brought to justice. A year ago, he had launched a mandate arrest against Aichman without any leads solid. This time someone said having seen it.

 He immediately responded by seeing a blurry photo of the face of Aichman accompanied by an instruction clear and concise. It was necessary to confirm the address. It was then that Sylvia, determined and courageous, went to Olives. She took the train from Coronel Suarez and after several hours travel, arrived in front of a house white with sloping roof located in a quiet street. She knocked on the door.

A robust woman with a stern face opened. Will see Aichman. Sylvia asked see Nick and while she waited, one of the children in the house recognized her. He asked after him with familiarity. A few minutes later, a man the older one appeared, with a dull face, hunched over, wearing big glasses. In a confident voice, Sylvia asked him if he were Mr. Eichman.

 There is no without hesitation. He declared that he was the uncle. The atmosphere relaxed lightly while he chattered about banalities. Language, study, life in Argentina. Shortly after, Nick entered the living room. He seemed surprised by the visit. He asked, uncomfortably, who had given the address.

 The older man, the one who had denied being his father, intervened quickly, changed the subject and declared that Sylvia was welcome. Before leave as he walked towards the door, Sylvia clearly heard Nick address the man saying: “Thank you, father!” This word father resonated with force. On the train home, Sylvia asked to Nick why he called him that if it was his uncle, he replied evasively that it was just a mark of respect.

 But for Sylvia, the mask had fallen. That evening, When she returned home, she told everything his father. There was no more room for the doubt between them. This dedicated man and prudent was Adolphe Eichman. OTAR wrote again, this time with more of conviction, more details. The letter reached once again Fritzbauer.

 On September 19, 1957, in a discreet motel room between Frankfurt and Cologne, Bauer met in secret Félix Schinar, representative diplomatic mission of the Israeli government. He didn’t beat around the bush. From a firm voice, he confided that Aichman lived in Argentina, that he had it himself located and that the German government would do nothing.

 “I can’t do trust no one here,” Bower said. “But you can catch it. This It didn’t take long for the message to reach Jerusalem. Iser Harel, head of Mossade, received it with gravity. It was not a any name. Harel knew the Aichman file in its smallest details. He had read the acts of Nurember, review Yad reports Vachem and absorbed until the last note written by Simon Vizental, the man who had tracked down the Nazis a personal mission.

 But before to act, he needed proof. He had to ensure that the source was reliable. In November he sent agentarom in Frankfurt. The latter met Bower who confirmed the veracity information, but refused to reveal the name of the informant. He feared for the life of Lotar Herman. In January 195, the Mossade made its first movement in Argentine territory.

The agent Joë Goren settled in Buenos Aires and observed the house number 4261 of Shakabuko Street. Everything seemed normal. A simple house, a small garden, a silent family. The report was negative, too normal, too invisible. But neither Bower nor Harel were deceived by appearances. Harel then sent a second agent, Ephraim Ofsteter, head of investigations criminals of Tel Aviv.

 In February, returned to Coronel Suarez under a false identity, Carl Herbert. He arrived at the Hermanes and there, face to face, he met the informant. The otard, blind but lucid, told everything with astonishing precision. Sylvia, to her sides, clearly described the voice of the man she met at Olives.

 She said it was a voice rough, dry, authoritarian, identical to that of the recordings collected by the intelligence services. But evidence was still missing tangible, a false name, a profession, a photo or signature. The otard promised to get more. He doesn’t asked for only one thing, help with be able to travel to Buenozer and continue the investigation from there.

Before leaving, Offstetter made a gesture simple but symbolic. He gave him a half train ticket. He explained that the other half would serve as a password for the next contact. The hunt had just started and this once the hunter was not alone. With half a bill in his pocket and a promise without guarantee, the Otard Herman and her daughter Sylvia launched themselves from their own initiative to finish what the Mossade had left unresolved.

 In April 1958, they managed to access the land register of the Plata at the search for a concrete clue. “The house plot in Olivos, they discovered, was registered in the name from an Austrian named Francisco Schmidth. For the ar, this name was a signal. Adolphe Eichman was Austrian and it could be a new ally legal disguise to hide in full view.

 It wasn’t proof but a new track. By through a contact in the electricity company, the father and the girl obtained information crucial. Home meters were registered in the name of two people. One of the names was Dagoto, the other Clem. The latter was already theirs familiar. It was the alias under which Aichman lived in hiding since his arrival in Argentina.

 The puzzle began to come together with more precision. An old owner of the land brought disturbing details. He was talking about visible scars on the face of new occupant and rumors according to which he would have arrived in the country aboard a Nazi submarine in 1945. The myth surrounded Aichman with an aura spectral, half legend, half reality.

 But the otard was not a confabulator. He wanted facts. In May he wrote a new letter to Hstatter. There is with conviction that Francisco Schmidth was the man he was looking for. He accurately described the features physical, gestures, habits and he was asking for funds to continue investigation, travel, observe, listen.

The letter arrived in Teliv in June Harel read it carefully, but with a growing skepticism, logic does not did not convince. The name of the owner did not prove that Ichman lived there. The scars were a subjective element. Plus, Herman was starting to show demanding. with requests that bordered on operational control.

Harel, suspicious by nature, estimated that the boundary between informant and protagonist was becoming blurry. Despite everything, he decided to send a new agent, He to check the information. At the end of August, he presented his report. He was adamant. Francisco Schmidth was indeed the legal owner of the land, but he didn’t live there.

 There was no direct trace of Aichman to this address. For Harel, it was the last straw. He ordered to close the case and suspend all contact with Hermanes. The hunt fell back into the silence, but others knew more that they did not want to admit it. In March 1958, a report from the German secret service BND had already reported that Adolphe Eichman was hiding in Argentina under the name of Clement.

 He had even been suggested that he could be at Jerusalem, which seemed more like a misunderstanding than a real lead. Neither neither the BND nor the CIA did anything either. None alerted Israel. All preferred to look away. During At that time, Aichman believed he had won. To At the end of 1958 he bought land isolated in San Fernando, a forgotten place, without running water or electricity.

 There, with the help of his sons, he began to dig. It wasn’t just one construction, it was a refuge, a trench to disappear from the world. They dug with effort, reinforced the walls, a cement structure and fear. He wanted his hiding place to resist not only to time, but also to any attempt to find him. In March 1959, he found a job at the factory Mercedes-Benz by Gonzalz Catan.

The environment there was ideal for him. German technicians, some also on the run. There, Eichman could to be one among others, a false name, a familiar accent, a gray routine. He finally believed that the world had forgotten him. History had not buried him with his victims. As he dug his refuge, convinced that the hunt had ended in Haifa, the wick of memory came back on.

 On October 10, 1959, Tuvia Friedman, a Nazi hunter stubborn, made an explosive statement to the press. He claimed that Aichman was alive, hidden from Kit. The news caused an international shock wave, a wave of speculation. It is then that Friedman received a letter which stopped abruptly. It was dated 24 October. She came from Argentina.

 She was signed by the otard Herman. The letter denied Kit’s trail. She claimed that Ichman was alive and well but that he lived near Buenos Aires under the name Ricardo Clément. She offered details, evidence. She required discretion. Friedmann did not hesitate. They transmitted information at the World Jewish Congress.

In December, Fritz Bauer took the plane for Israel. He carried with him a folder. He confirmed by two sources independent that Adolphe Eichman lived in Argentina and his name was Ricardo Clement. This time he did not address Mossad. He does not still didn’t trust him. He turned instead to the prosecutor Aim Cohen who understood the importance of file and organized a meeting with Iser Harel.

 The raw information and direct forced Harel to re-evaluate everything. During this same meeting, he changed of opinion. The hunter came out again the shadow. He would send his best agent, Sviaroni, in Buenosser. The 6 December, Harel informed David Ben-Guron. He had no doubts. Aichman was to be captured and tried publicly in Israel.

 The world should hear his voice and he had to hear it in Hebrew. Meanwhile, in Germany, anti-Semitic violence resurfaced. Graffiti, aggression, negationist speech. The silence of German government strengthened international pressure. Harel knew that time was running out. He took drastic measures. He blocked the leaks, misinformed his allies, secured the operation.

 In front of the leash, he declared that this mission would carry a fatal blow to neo-Nazism. March 1 1960, Svia Harony lands in Buenos Aires with a diplomatic passport and a pretext official. Investigated into acts anti-Semites, in his suitcase, he carried another mission, to capture the man most sought after of the century.

 He locked the complete file in a safe consulate and began to travel the city. At number 4261 from Chakabuco Street, he found the house under construction, empty and silent, but not for long. While in Europe, The Mossad faced obstacles in his investigation and that Simon Visental was combing through old photographs to find the face of Imman.

 A decisive lead emerged on than March. An informant handed over a package addressed to a certain Nicolas Clément. A young man nicknamed Dito revealed that the family had moved to Donorcuato without however specify the address. Little afterwards, the same contact came back to the workshop with an indication more precise.

 The home was in San Fernando. It was then that Dito launched a categorical statement. It’s not Clément, it’s Aichman. This sentence is enough for Svi and Harony to understand that they were on the right track. Towards In mid-March 196, Aharoni arrived in San Fernando and discovered a house corresponding exactly to the description he possessed.

 Bricks exposed, flat roof and a fence bass. From the darkness he saw a woman and a child. Probably will see Aichman and his youngest son. However, that night he did not see Ricardo Clement. In tel avive, Iser Harel had already ordered to prepare the necessary legal authorizations. In parallel to New York, David Ben Guron spoke with Conrad Adenauer.

Israel was seeking financial support and Federal Germany wanted strengthen diplomatic ties. The 16th March, Aaron accessed archives official and discovered information confirming his suspicions. The land belonged to Veronica Libel of Fitman. A name leaving no doubt about its real identity, an alias of Vera Eichman.

 Inside the house, the family began to suspect that something was wrong. Heichman had read rumors about his supposed presence in Kuwait without imagining that a simple package sent in Nick’s name Clément would be the detonator of his fall. The property identified. Aaron returned to San Fernando. This time he lives the man himself.

 His face was unmistakable. Ricardo Clement was none other than Adolphe Aichman. This that evening he sent a key message to Tel Sharp. The driver is in black. Isser Harel reacted immediately. and designated Raffy Ean as head of the operation. The March 20, from a van, Aharon Aichman observed closely. He wore glasses, was bald and his nose was distinctive.

 No doubt was possible. That night, an unexpected almost compromised everything. One of vehicles fell into a ditch and attracted the attention of neighbors. Although aichman did not witness the incident, the team had to withdraw cautiously. In the following days, Aharoni investigated on the target wires and confirmed that the German government knew its location, but did not envisage any intervention.

 On April 3, he managed to obtain sharp images of Aichman with his son, which was the confirmation. He then went to Paris and then flew towards Tel Aviv. During the flight of Returning, he sat next to Iser Harel. The final phase of the operation was engaged. With the order “Let’s go look for Aichman”, the last step was activated.

 New agents were integrated. Shalom Dani, expert in falsification, Tabor, specialist in locks and electronics. Jacob Gat, experienced veteran and Ephraim Ilani, valuable for his mastery of Spanish and his knowledge of Buenosser. to Harony in the meantime, handed over the photos for biometric analysis. The The result was clear.

 The ear left fit perfectly. The identity was almost confirmed. Good that they are aware that the capture would violate Argentine sovereignty, it had no intention of backing down. For not compromise Israel, every agent would travel separately and under false identities. Peter Malkin, nominated for execute the arrest, feel reassured knowing Kisser would be there Buenoires and that Raffy etan would coordinate all logistics.

Three different capture methods were evaluated and Malkin began rigorous physical training to to act with precision, without margin of error. April 24, 1960, Jacob Gat landed in Buenosser. He was dressed in impeccable manner and descending from the plane, a street photographer took a shot without asking permission.

Gat feared that it was a trap but he reacts naturally. He paid for the photo and walked away. To not leave no trace, he avoided taxis and opted for a bus which took him to the city center where he was waiting Ephraimilani, already installed since several days in a rented apartment and responsible for monitoring the routine Aichman daily.

 Little time afterwards, Aaron joined them, henceforth totally unrecognizable thanks to its new look, with a mustache and longer hair, he was no longer missing that the last crucial member of the team, Abraham Shalom. Shalom was arrived after a complicated journey including Rome, Paris and Lisbon, using false documents.

 He committed several errors along the way. He forgot to mention his alias, took the same flight than Medad, which was strictly banned, and on his arrival discovered that the hotel receptionist was originally from Hamburg, just like his fictitious identity. Faced with this risk, he decided to change accommodation. A once reunited with Aaron and Gath, the trio decided to watch the house of Aichman.

 That evening he saw it walk confidently again in the direction from his home. Gath followed him from afar until confirming that he was entering in the house already identified. The The next day, Chalom sent the signal to Tel Cheers, Caro. This message triggered the advance order given by Iser Harel. The extraction flight was scheduled for on May, but was tasked with finding adapted properties meeting the necessary requirements.

 They established finally an operational district baptized Mao from which were coordinated the last details. At the same time in New York, Joseph Klein, director of al and Luba Volk, former secretary of the embassy, were informed of their role in the mission. Both traveled to Buenozer. Klein did not know exactly his role, but he obeys the order.

 Volk suspected there was more to it than this that he was told, but preferred not to ask questions. On May 11, 1960, the Mossade team woke up in knowing that this day would be decisive. Tabor and Peter Malkin inspected a last time home safe while Shalom, Gat and Raffy Heitan reviewed the escape routes.

 In Harony went out early look for a new battery for the Buick which would be used during the operation. In the Tira house, the tension was hidden behind card games and chess. Malkin tried to rest, but he could not stop to think of imminent capture. He finally prepared. He put on a wig, simple clothes and adopted a neutral expression.

 He was ready to intercept Aichman. Before leaving, Eitan reviewed the plan one last time. Only Malkin and Tabor would be in disguise and responsible for the arrest while the rest of the team would ensure the cover. Everything had to be resolved in a few seconds without any margin of error. Meanwhile, Eichman continued his usual routine without show the slightest sign of distrust.

 He worked at the Mercedes-Benz factory, briefly attended a meeting union then took the bus to return at home like every day. At 7:30 p.m., the operation vehicles strategically positioned in the area. The Bu parked carefully in Garibaldi Street. Malkin and Tabor simulated a mechanical breakdown, raised the hood and waited.

 A curious child approached, but they managed to get him away quickly. However, a doubt arises. The bus number 203 did not appear. Two drank without stopping. The tension assembled the team. Had Heich been warned? Had he changed his routine? Despite the uncertainty, Eitan decided to maintain surveillance and waiting.

At 8:05 in the evening, the bus finally stop. Aichman went down without show the slightest suspicion. He was walking calmly, one hand in the pocket, while Zvia Haroni watched him from far. No doubt, it was him. However, this gesture of the hand in the pocket caused some concern. He feared he was armed.

 At this moment, Malkin stepped forward with determination, quickly reducing the distance. Heikman, feeling his presence, took a step back. The confrontation was immediate. During the struggle, they both fell to the ground. Aichman shouted but had no time to react. Tabor then appeared from behind and grabbed by the legs.

 In a few seconds, they managed to immobilize him and dragged him to the vehicle. In the Buick, everything went very quickly. They him bound his hands and feet, blindfolded them and covered him of a blanket. He was not wearing any weapon, only a flashlight in his pocket. Absolute silence reigned for a moment.

 Then, in a low voice and almost without emotion, Eichman broke it. He did not ask for an explanation or resisted. He simply said a sentence. This is called the destiny. He knew, he was resigned. The vehicle took secondary roads, equipped with diplomatic plates, dodging traffic without attracting attention. Throughout the journey, Eichman remained silent. At 8:55 a.m.

, he crossed the gate of the Tira house. The mission was accomplished. Adolphe Aichman, one of the most serious war criminals sought after of the century, was no longer free. For the first time he was under the care of the Jewish people. After his arrest, he was taken handcuffed to the safe house. Escorted in silence by Chalom and Malkin, only Aaroni was authorized to question him.

 In the room, Aichman remained standing, covered while standing without saying a word. He wore black glasses and his hands were trembling. Doctor Caplan examined him immediately looking for capsules of sianide. He took out his dentures and carefully inspected his body. The scars matched the file of the Mossade, although the SS tattoo has been deleted.

 At o’clock Aharon began the interrogation. Aichman replied calmly, saying his name is Ricardo Clement, but questioned about his true identity, he replied without hesitation: “Adolphe Aichman”. He then asked for a glass of wine to calm down which was granted. He tried to say a prayer in Hebrew, but Aharoni interrupted him with indignation.

 The conversation focused on checking details of his past. Aichman is nothing and responded coldly and without hesitation. In the end, Eitan ordered immediate sending of a report to Tel Sharp. Meanwhile, Aaron and Shalom left the store in a parking lot and Tabor took care of erasing all traces and to remove the false plates.

 In a nearby café, Harel welcomed the team and confirmed the success of the operation. He there was no celebration. Harel just asked how the are we getting out now? This that night, guard tours were organized to monitor it. Aichman was tied to the bed under a light constant, without ever losing sight of it. He neither ate nor slept, remained nervous and silent.

 Eitan was sleeping in the next room with a map ready for any eventuality. First knew what to do if something was going wrong. After a restless night, On the morning of May, Jacob Gath helped Aichman to sit on the bed. He was still bandaged and one ankle tied to the amount. Soon after, Aharoni arrived, sat down opposite him, opened his notebook and resumed the interrogation.

 He asked her why the previous evening he had identified as Otto Henninger. Aichman explained that it was a name he had used for years while it worked as a lumberjack in Germany before arriving in Argentina. Without resistance, he recounted his escape after the war. His last meeting with Calton Brunner, his passage through the Alps, its capture by the Americans and his subsequent flight from Europe, he proudly recounted how he had escaped his pursuers without showing of remorse.

 Aharon skeptical, asked him why his family didn’t use the name Clement. Aichman responded with contempt. He couldn’t ask them to live under a lie. Asked about other Nazis, there is know the location of Mengelet or Borman and claimed to no longer be in contact with those who had helped him to falsify his papers to escape.

 It came back well long time. Regarding his wife, he said she must be scared and wouldn’t understand what was happening. To about his sons, Nick and Diteur, he thought he would eventually understand the seriousness of the situation, but did not believe not that he would report anything. As for the other Nazi fugitives, he felt he would prefer to stay away, concerned only with their own security.

 Finally, Aaroni was direct and asked him if he was ready to appear before a court in Israel. Aichman replied without hesitation: “No, I didn’t do anything wrong. I don’t was just following orders. If I have to to be judged, it should be in Germany or in Argentina. I have no connection with Israel. Aharoni looked at him incredulously.

Aichman simply added that there would think. Meanwhile, the sons ichman began to notice his absence. Ditur exclaimed with concern : “The old man is not here. Together they roamed the city looking for response, especially to Carlos’ house Fuldner. They suspected that Eichman could have had an accident or been arrested.

 They questioned hospitals, police stations as well as his place of work until he discovered his broken glasses stuck in the mud, exactly where he had been captured. On the other hand in town, Harel and Joseph Klein discussed the means possible ways to get Aichman out of country. The safest option was to transport in a sealed box as diplomatic baggage which would be loaded on board a cart catering directly on the plane.

The flight personnel had already been selected although only the driver knew the true nature of mission. In the Tira house, Aichman obeyed all orders, going until asking permission to go to the toilet. During an exercise in the courtyard, he asked if he was going be shot. The officers looked at him with contempt, not for his crimes, but for the miserable face he was become.

 That day, Judith Nio arrived to help with domestic chores. Good that at the start, she showed herself voluntary upon seeing him, she admitted that the idea of cooking for him gave the nausea and she felt disgusted touch anything he had touched. At dawn in May, Malkin de Garde spent the time drawing on a map of Argentina. He represented Aichman with a weapon at Hitler’s side, Mussolini, his parents, and sister by Aichman, Fruma.

 At dawn, the prisoner was shaved, fed and kept under strict supervision. At the same time, radios and newspapers premises were monitored, but no news did not mention Ricardo Clément nor any suspicious disappearance. Later, an encrypted message arrived in Israel and activated the official channel. Carrot informed Goldamer who received the news with surprise.

 Ace of Bur, Ben Guron was informed that ichman had been identified without a doubt. That evening he noted in his diary that if everything confirmed, it would be one of the largest operations ever carried out by Israel. On May 18, 1960, the Israeli delegation boarded from Britannia to LOD airport. Officially, the flight celebrated the fifth anniversary of the independence of Argentina, but unofficially he carried precise orders, brought back Adolphe Aichman.

 Among the passengers found Aba Eban, head of the delegation, as well as officers like General Meer Zorea. Most of the crew was unaware of the mission real, although some have started to suspect something when seeing unknown faces in uniform. During this time, Iser Harel remained obsessed with a another name, Joseph Mengel.

 An emissary tried to contact him in a store linked to his entourage, but he was éitconduct. The city under tight control police officer due to recent attacks made any secret movement difficult. In another district of Buenosser, the son of Aich Nick publisher made burst into a synagogue clue search. Their despair was increasing.

 Although they considered extreme actions like kidnapping from an Israeli diplomat, they finally abandoned his ideas and continued to search through their own means. In the night of May, Malkin faced Aichman again and spoke directly to him about his role in the final solution. Aichman insisted on the fact that he had not killed anyone, that he had only organized the transport.

 Calmly, Malkin offered him wine and cigarettes and managed to make him voluntarily sign a declaration. Aichman accepted and wrote his first and last name in his own handwriting. When Medad took it, he reacted with anger, reproaching that we seemed celebrating a murderer. However, Eitan downplayed the situation and congratulated Malkin for having obtained sight. At 7 a.m.

morning, the Britannia landed at Rcif. A calculation error almost caused a accident in the jungle, but the landing was made on time. Good that they have been officially received, a problem at the control tower was not resolved only thanks to a discreet bribe orchestrated by a local emissary. A Once the incident was overcome, the trip could continue.

 Several hours later, 4 p.m., the plane lands in Buenosser three hours late. To airport, Eban gave a speech in Spanish to keep up appearances while Luba Volk, responsible for the logistics, noticed the presence unusual staff additional. She asked questions but no one gave him any answers clear. Secretly, Harel and his team were refining the final preparations for exfiltration.

 Eichman must have been transported disguised as an employee of the Israeli airline and flight returning would make no stopover to Dakar. That evening, in Maos, the team meets to check every detail, wrong documents, escape route and disguise. The exfiltration plan maritime was ruled out and all attention focused on leaving since the airport.

 Meanwhile, in the Tira house, tension was rising. A false alarm required erasing all trace of his presence. Nobody could sleep. Aichman seemed to sense that something was brewing. He remained silent and awake. Finally, at At dawn on May 20, everything was ready. He doesn’t only one step remained: transfer Aichman at the airport and get him out of the country.

 The Tira house remained silent, but each movement of the team was part of a precise choreography, without margin of error. Aichman, still under sedative, had to be moved to the following hours. Aaron dressed in diplomatic driver, recovered a doe of the embassy. He carried false documents, including one passport and driving license international.

 Before leaving, he carefully inspect the vehicle. In parallel, Shalom Danny was checking the prisoner’s papers which included a medical certificate justifying slight contusion and declaring him fit to travel. The passport was in the name of Synchrony. At the airport, Tabor inspected the Britannia and supervised the construction of a partition in the first class toilets which would serve as a hiding place in the event of problem.

 Chalom ensured that the guards usual were well in place and that no new checks had been added to the route. Harel, installed in a nearby restaurant, coordinated the operation without awakening suspicion, surrounded by police and soldiers, ignorant of what is happening was preparing. The unit attempted one last times to locate Joseph Mengel.

 They went to a house in Sale Lopez but found only one tenant there foreign. Mengele was no longer there. The The news was a disappointment for Harel. To 7:30 p.m., in a discreet house in San Fernando, the long-awaited signal arrived. Everything was in motion. Malkin approached of ichman and began her hair, made up her face, added a fake mustache and dressed him with an airline uniform Israeli.

 Aichman did not resist and did not speak. It simply displayed a blank and resigned look. In the kitchen, Capelan was preparing the sedative. Aichman whispered that he didn’t need it, but ends up accepting it, conscious that there was no longer any escape. Little afterwards, we installed him on the seat back of the Chevrelet with the doctor monitoring his every move.

Aaron drove, Goren was co-driver and another vehicle with Eitan and Tabor followed them closely in the event of an incident. Malkin and Nessia remained in reserve, ready to cancel the operation if necessary. While the convoy was moving to a nearby hotel, the Captain Wedless assembled the crew. The instructions were clear.

 He would carry a senior diplomat rank, would embark from the area technical and would not pose any question. At precisely 11 p.m., the convoy arrived at the airport. Harel intercepted the doctor for a final examination. Aichman was still conscious but totally neutralized. Guards at the entrance recognized Chalom and let them pass the group without difficulty.

 They arrived at the plane. An agent of patrol forced them to improvise. Heitan turned him away while Goren and Gath took on board the hidden prisoner under a blanket. They installed it in first class. No one spoke or didn’t move every second counted. But a new obstacle arises in the terminal. Customs formalities took too long.

 Harel, impatient, almost ordered to take off without authorization when a official finally put the stamp on the documents. It was a relief momentary. However, a few minutes later, the control tower blocked the takeoff due to irregularity in the flight plan. One was missing signature and no backup airport had not been designated.

 The problem was quickly resolved. Finally, at midnight five of May 21, the Britannia took off in direction of Dakar, leaving behind 16 years of hiding, a life of escape and a country that had never discovered the true identity of Aichman. 30 minutes later, Nick Aichman learned that an Israeli plane had left Rif and guessed what had happened.

 He activated his contacts at Brazil in a desperate attempt to stop the theft. But he was already too late. The plane was crossing the Atlantic and his father flew straight towards justice. When the Britannia left Argentine airspace, the tension was released for the first time times. It was then that Peleek revealed to the crew the true identity of the prisoner Adolphe Eichman.

 The news surprised everyone, especially one hostess who had been at his side without suspect nothing. In the cockpit, no one celebrated. The flight to Dakar would be long. And because of the weight and the low altitude of the plane, the fuel was consumed quickly. Einichman, dated and monitored himself remained motionless.

 A fear persisted that he attempts suicide. In a moment of silence, Harry Friedman, team member and survivor of the Holocaust, expressed his suppressed rage, remembering with pain that ichman had been one of the main people responsible for this tragedy. While the Britannia was advancing over the Atlantic Buenos Aires, the remaining agents erased all evidence.

 They returned vehicles, cleaned the footprints and left the city train to Chile. This is not that while Harel assured them that the operation would remain secret until that everything is safe. After 1 p.m. and 10 minutes of flight and with fuel almost exhausted, the Britannia landed at Dakar. Before arrival, the doctor administered a new dose of sedative to Aichman to avoid any problems during checks which took place with success.

 Senegalese inspectors do not detected nothing. They presented a fictitious itinerary with a stopover at Rome, but the actual plan was still more daring. Flew straight to Tela Aviv. Harel ordered to avoid the North African coast. The Britannia flew over western Africa, crossed Spain and Greece and stayed away from Egypt to escape radar enemies.

 Shortly before landing, Harel shaved and changed clothes. At 6:55 a.m. in the morning of May 22, the Britannia touched Israeli soil. There was no applause, only silence solemn. However, at the airport, a unforeseen detail triggered the anger of Harel. No one planned how transport the prisoner. Without losing time, he called the Shimbet.

 A black vehicle transported Aichman to a detention center in Jaf. Even the guards ignored the man’s identity that he was monitoring. A few more hours later, Harel presented himself before Ben Guron to Jerusalem and announced without detour that Adolphe Eichman found himself now in Israeli territory. The Prime Minister ordered to check his identity, what two agents officially confirmed the day same.

 Ben-Guron did not wait more and ordered to return public information. The next day, the May 23, Adolphe Aichman was presented to the Judge Emmanuel Alévi. In court, he gave his real name and received the formal accusation of crime against the Jewish people and against humanity. The news also reached Fritz Bauer, the German prosecutor who initiated the hunt.

 By learning the confirmation, he could not hold back his tears, aware that justice is finally started. After his arrived in Israel, Aichman was taken in a high security center near Haifa. Le Canyar, ancient center military, had been refitted for the maintain in total isolation. Only one small group of agents had access and every movement, every contact was strictly controlled.

 The selected guards had no connection personal with choa victims and the instructions were clear. Avoided any act of revenge or treatment abusive. Even his food was inspected before being served. Nothing was not left to chance. May 29, 1960 the official interrogation began. The capture of Adolphe Aichman was announced with great media coverage accompanied by a vast deployment information.

 Attention special was granted to the collaboration with Nazi hunter Simon Visental and the role of the Zionist cause with the aim of concealing and justify the intervention little conventional and secret of Mossade, Israeli intelligence agency in the kidnapping operation carried out on a foreign territory. Once transferred to Jerusalem, Eichman was subjected to a historic trial which marked a turning point in legal history of the State of Israel.

 The court which judgea was composed of three judges eminent, Moosé Landao, Benjamin Alvi and Yits Ravet. To ensure its defense, Aichman used the lawyer Robert Servaceus, known at the time for his business experience international. During the trial, Heichman was thoroughly questioned by intelligence agents and Israeli prosecutors.

 In his statement, he recounted various aspects of his life before the outbreak of the Second World War. Its integration in the SS Schutstaffel, the Organization Nazi paramilitary and its role within of the bureaucratic machine having put implement the final solution. However, in an attempt to disempower, he claimed that all these actions obeyed superior orders, denoting figures such as Heinrich Himler, Odilo Globoxnick and Ernst Calton Bruner like the real ones decision-makers of the policies that he had to execute. He insisted that he

was neither an ideologue nor an instigator of the shoa but simply an official fulfilling its obligations administrative without personal hatred. towards the Jews. Despite his defense, the court concluded that ichman was guilty of crimes against humanity because of its central role in the organization and implementation of the genocide.

 On December 15, 1961, after a long legal process, the sentence was pronounced the death penalty by hanging, only case in the history of Israel where capital punishment was applied following a trial public. This trial is considered emblematic symbolizing the quest for justice for the victims of the shoa and Israel’s commitment to punish war criminals.

 The sentence was executed at dawn on June 1, 1962 in Ramla prison. Before his execution, Aichman spoke a few final words reflecting his unique vision. He expressed his attachment to Germany, to Austria and Argentina, the countries whom he considered to be the closest of him and that he declared never to be able to forget.

 He reaffirmed having only obeyed the laws of war and to the orders of his homeland, avoiding to assume all moral responsibility for his actions. After his death, his body was cremated and the ashes scattered in sea in the presence of several survivors of the Shoah. This decision was meticulously planned to to prevent his burial place from become a site of worship or pilgrimage for sympathizers neo-Nazis and extremists.

 The capture and Aichman’s trial had an effect immediate Nazi community on the run Latin America. Nazis like Joseph Mengeleé and Franz Stangle who resided in countries like Argentina and Brazil took extreme precautions and chose to make themselves even more discreet, afraid of being spotted and captured by international agencies like the Mossade. Да.